مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 11 (پیاپی 128، بهمن 1393)

We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of voluntary exercise on a running wheel with extraction of flowers Eriobotrya japonica on GDNF in the brain stem induced by 6-hydroxy dopamine. In this study, 43 rats were divided into six groups: healthy control, parkinsonian control, training group, parkinsonian training, extract parkinson, training-extract parkinsonian. Training-extract group were housed in individual cages and attached to running wheels; during the study period they received 200 mg/kg extract intraperitoneally three times per week. To induce Parkinson, 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) (dissolved in saline) was administered intracerebrovenricular (ICV) by a stereotaxic apparatus. GDNF levels in the brain stem were measured by ELISA. Data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and tukey post-hoc test. There are significant differences in the level of GDNF between training group and parkinsonian control (p=0.015); between parkinsonian training group and parkinsonian control group there was significant difference (p=0.015). GDNF level between training group and parkinsonian training with parkinsonian control was not significant (0. 87, 0.095). There was significant difference between control and parkinsonian control group (p=0.004). Difference between extract-parkinson group and parkinsonian control was not significant (p=0.191). GDNF level difference between extract-training and parkinsonian control was significant (p=0.008). Brainstem GDNF level in extract-parkinson and parkinsonian control (p=0.191) and extract-parkinson and control (P=0.164) was not significant. Pre-treatment with exercise alone and exercise with extraction of Eriobotrya japonica could prevent the decrease of GDNF level in brainstem against neurotoxic 6-OHDA.

Today, cardiovascular disease is considered as one of the most common serious illnesses in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management training on the reduction of the dysfunctional attitudes and stress in adolescent with coronary heart disease. This study was single-subject experimental design. The population of study included adolescents with coronary heart disease that were admitted in Shaheed Madani Cardiology Hospital of Tabriz between February-April 2013. Sampling for this study was convenient-available. Data collection were Harry stress test, dysfunctional attitudes scale and researcher made Package. In accordance with the implementation plan, graphing and graphical analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. Also to analyze the results, percent improvement formulation and effect size were used. To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, percent improvement formulation and effect size was used. The results showed that the size effect of the dysfunctional attitudes in the first subject was 8.09, second subject 6.73 and in third subject was 5.32. Effect sizes are greater than 2.70 and indicate that the effect size is a major component of dysfunctional attitudes in all three subjects. Also the size effect on the stress in the first subject was 5.63, second subject 6.50 and in the third subject was 5.95. This suggests that effect size is a major component of stress in all three subjects. Analysis of the data revealed that cognitive-behavioral stress management training had a significant impact on reduction of the dysfunctional attitudes and stress in adolescent with coronary heart disease.

Addressing and removing explainable patterns from syndromic data is required to timely detection of outbreaks. This study aims to detect and remove explainable patterns of fever and neurological symptoms syndrome as suspected meningitis which has been occurred in Hamadan province.

We analyzed data on reported cases of suspected meningitis in Hamadan province, between March 2010 and March 2013. Line, local polynomial and moving averages (MA) charts, autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions, mean differences and nonparametric Mann- Kendall statistics were used to identify explainable patterns in the data on suspected cases of meningitis. Fourier series and LOWESS (Locally Weight Regression and Smoothing Scoter plot) was used to remove such patterns.

Local polynomial charts, autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions, mean differences and nonparametric Mann- Kendall statistics indicated the presence of explainable patterns include Day-of- Week (DOW), weekend, holiday effects, seasonality and temporal trend in the syndromic data of fever and neurological symptoms. Overall, LOWESS in removing explainable patterns and Fourier series in improve of normality data have had better performance.

Results showed the presence of explainable patterns in the data of suspected cases of meningitis. Accordingly, timely and accurately detection of meningiti's outbreak required data smoothing.

Diagnosis and treatment of cancer could have a negative effect on patient's quality of life. One of the cancer treatment methods is radiotherapy which is done for destroying cancer cells. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life in patients treated with 2 main methods of radiotherapy in Shiraz during 2012.

This was an analytical discretional study. One hundred patients with bone metastasis were included in this study. Data was collected by interview and questionnaire. The questionnaires used in this study were a demographic form and the specific questionnaire for calculating quality of life in patients with cancer named as QLQ-C30. For comparing the two groups first all of the confounding factors were determined and after that by using the propensity scoring method the two groups were matched and the effects of confounding groups were eliminated and at the end the results were analyzed.

The results of this study showed that although the quality of life of patients with multiple fraction treatment was more than single fraction method, these results were not significant. Similar results were found for other dimensions of quality of life.

While eliminating the effects of confounder variables the matching method used in this study, gives more accurate results. The results of this study confirm the findings of most of the related studies.

Irrational use of the drug has high impression on the household economy, treatment and health. A lot of attention must be paid to the Medical group which is the most effective elements in the process of prescribing medication. Although awareness of doctors in the principles of prescribing is in acceptable range, different results can be seen in the implementation. Therefore it is necessary to compare the effective methods of changing the prescribing behavior. In this training study, 50 general practitioner (GP) that have offices and most of the indicators of irrational drug prescription were selected for an intervention. After the initial assessment and matching, based on the aim related sampling, they were divided into two groups affected by health belief model different training structures. Finally after a year their performance were collected and compared with application processing and statistical software version. According to the nondependent t-test the number of drugs per prescription between two groups did not show significant difference. However, administration of antibiotics and injectable form of drugs in the training group of perceived benefits and barriers was reduced as (p≤0.05) compared to training group of susceptibility and perceived severity. Also drug interactions into two groups have not significant difference. Training the perceived benefits and barriers are probably more effective than training the susceptibility and perceived severity in changing the function and behavior of the target group.

The sociomedical phenomenon of drug abuse remains among the most critical issues facing our society, today. The present study reports the pilot results of Drug Abuse Warning Network in Loghman-Hakim Hospital,Tehran. After taking history of 1850 patients who were chosen randomly for interview and screened for drug of abuse in the emergency department during 12 months;16 substances including morphine, methadone, bupernorphine, oxycodone, tramadol, propoxyphene, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3, 4- ethylenedioxy methamphetamine, cocaine, ketamine, phencyclidine, tetrahydrocanabinol, benzodiazepines, ethanol and barbiturates were evaluated using urine screening immunoassay kits in Loghman-Hakim Hospital. Totally 1850 patients were chosen randomly for interview and screened for drug of abuse in the emergency department. From the above group 1258 (68%) including 739 (58.7%) women accepted to enter the study. The mean age was 28±11 (range 12-88). Totally 945 (75.1%) patients had deliberately poisoned themselves, while substance intoxication was the cause of admission in 194 (15.4%) patients. Taken all minimum substance abusers together, opioid abusers were 397 patients (31.6%), of whom 144 cases (11.4%) were hidden abusers that were revealed by lab tests. Stimulant abusers were 123 patients (9.8%) with 49(3.9%) hidden abusers, hallucinogen 22 (1.7%) patients abusers with 15 (1.2%) hidden abusers, sedative abusers 337 cases (26.8%) with 145 hidden abuse (11.5%) and alcohol abusers were 76 patients (0.6%). There are noticeable amount of hidden abusers in the community which need suitable and instant intervention.

To promote health and well-being in each period of a woman's life, lead to a better life for her and brings many benefits to the society. Among these periods is the menopauses which is a sensitive time for a woman. This study aimed to assess the public health and related factors, as the first step in planning and delivery of appropriate strategies to solve their possible problem.

This cross sectional study was conducted on 600 menopause women in 2013. Sampling was cluster type. They were randomly selected from 40 blocks from each four region of ahvaz city. The study data collected according to the researcher made questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and GHQ 28 questionnaire Inferential and descriptive statistics were used in SPSS 19 to analyze the data.

Maximum and minimum disorder rate was 54.2% and 8.2% in social functioning and depression, respectively, Significant association was noted between age, general health items)physical health, social functioning, anxiety, depression) and total score. Education showed significant inverse association with all items and the total score. Significant association was noted among other demographic characteristics.

Significant percentage of women of menopausal age face general health disorders which are sometimes associated with certain features of them as an individual. The phenomenon of menopause can be a factor in establishing, maintaining or aggravatingit.

Burn injuries are significant cause of mortality, morbidity and disability around the world. Occupational burns account for 10-45 percent of all burn injuries which cause burden of disease to the community. The incidence of occupational burns in Iran is higher than in developed countries. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of occupational burns and its effect on patients referred to Motahari Hospital in Tehran during 2000-02. A cross sectional study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of occupational burns and its effect on patients referred to Motahari Hospital in Tehran during 2000-02. Patients with work-related burns were included. Data were analyzed with confidence interval of 95%. A total of 522 patients (male: 515, female: 6) were enrolled in the study with the mean age of 31.38 years (14-80 years). Most of the patients were workers (78%) and the most reason of referring was electric burn (46%). Also 41(7.9%) of the patients died because of burn injury. The most frequent type of burn was third degree (47.99%), second degree (39.1%), forth degree (8.8%) and the least type was first degree (0.2%). Electrical burn was the most common reason of occupational burn as mentioned in previous reports. It is suggested that supervisors teach the safety issues to the workers eir.

The effects of a food or nutrient on disease may be small alone, but the cumulative effect is detectable. A healthy dietary pattern can reduces dyslipidemia risk and the associated disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine this relationship in type 2 diabetes patients.

A total of 740 diabetic patients (A: 35- 65y) participated in this cross sectional study performed in Tehran. Personal, anthropometric and physical activity data were collected. Food intake of last year was collected using validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Logistic regression test was utilized to determine odds ratio of dislipidemia in relation to dietary patterns.

Two major dietary patterns were identified: healthy dietary pattern (high intake of vegetables, cabbages, tomatoes, fruits, fish, olives, nuts) and unhealthy dietary pattern (high intake of sugar, refined grains, soft drinks, sweets and desserts, industrial juices,, high-fat dairy products, butter, processed meat, eggs and snacks). After confounder adjustment, healthy dietary pattern reduced odds for hypertriglyceridemia by 49%. Also the chance of high level of HDL-c in the highest quartile of healthy dietary pattern was 2.4 times higher than those in the lowest. The chance of hypercholesterolemia in those with highest score of unhealthy food pattern was 3.5 times higher comparing to the lowest score.

It seems diabetic patients need a comprehensive applicable food pattern, recommended as food guidelines, in order to reduce dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease complications.

The assessment of comatose patients is an important part of critical care. Few of the many available coma scales have gained wide spread approval and popularity. The best known and widely accepted scale is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The newer FOUR score (Full Outline of Un Responsiveness) provides an attractive replacement for all patients with fluctuating levels of consciousness and is gradually gaining wide acceptance. This study is part of the larger study of Modification and validation of FOUR coma scale. The aim of this study was to compare the inter-rater reliability of the Modified and original FOUR coma scale among patients hospitalized in Critical Care Unit. This is methodological research. For inter-rater reliability 15 patients admitted in ICU were scored by 40 nurses with the original and modified FOUR Coma score and a total of 104 pair-wise rating was done. The inter-rater agreement among raters (P=0/12) was 0.28 (unacceptable level) for original and (P= 0/001) was 0.63 for modified FOUR Scale (good level). Modified FOUR Coma scale performs better than the original FOUR Scale for good inter-rater agreement.